Electrified reef gets initial go-ahead in Lauderdale-by-the-Sea
Federal agency's OK makes it more likely the high-tech project will get
built
David Fleshler
South Florida Sun Sentinel
June 20, 2009
Lauderdale-by-the-Sea
A proposal to install an electrified artificial reef on the ocean floor
off Lauderdale-by-the-Sea has won approval from a key federal agency, making
it more likely the high-tech conservation project will get built.
The Army Corps of Engineers issued a permit to the town to work with Global
Coral Reef Alliance, of Cambridge, Mass., to install a cluster of metal
structures that would use a low-voltage current to stimulate the growth of
corals, creating habitat for fish and other marine creatures. The group has
used the patented Biorock process to construct artificial reefs in several
other countries, including Mexico, Jamaica and Indonesia.
Under the town's $65,000 contract with the group, structures that resemble
six-foot-long Quonset huts would be placed on the ocean floor in shallow
water. Divers would collect pieces of living coral that had been broken off
by storms or ship groundings and attach them to the metal structures. Two
buoys equipped with solar panels would provide the electricity through
insulated cables. The electrical current would draw dissolved minerals from
the water, causing the minerals to build up on the metal structures.
According to the group's web site, corals grow three to five times faster
under these conditions and stand a better chance of surviving stressful
events such as increases in water temperature.
Thomas Goreau, president of Global Coral Reef Alliance, declined at first to
discuss the project, saying he was unhappy with a previous Sun Sentinel
article that quoted "people who didn't know what they were talking about"
questioning the value of the technology.
The previous article quoted Richard Dodge, executive director of the
National Coral Reef Institute at Nova Southeastern University, and John
McManus, director of the National Center for Coral Reef Research at the
University of Miami's Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science.
In interviews this week, Dodge and McManus repeated their view that the
system could help young corals establish themselves and grow faster but has
not been subjected to rigorous study, with no evidence that the increased
growth rates last beyond the first few months. Neither said they opposed the
project.
McManus said Goreau hasn't published peer-reviewed studies comparing
electrified reefs with identical structures in similar habitat without
electricity, making it difficult to make a fair assessment of the
technology. But he said the Biorock reefs do seed an area with coral, and
said there is experimental evidence that the technology enhances the growth
and survival of newly transplanted corals.
"It doesn't seem to do much after the first four months, but the first four
months are critical," he said.
Goreau, in an e-mail, said neither Dodge nor McManus had first-hand
knowledge of his work, although he considered them competent scientists. He
said he had done comparative experiments but was focused now on saving
corals at a time when they're dying around the world.
"We have deliberately not published most of our results, because we are too
busy getting results growing reefs full of corals and fish while there is
still a dwindling window to do so, and don't have the patience to play these
academic games fiddling while Rome burns," he wrote. "We prefer people to
see for themselves what really works, because the results are so
overwhelming."
He said there have been "a dozen or more" peer-reviewed papers on the
process, most of which he said were posted on his web page, which contains
many papers on various coral topics, many of which lack any indication of
where or if they were published.
Asked to take a look at the papers on the website, Dodge responded in an
e-mail, "I looked at the website and didn't find any peer-reviewed articles
that demonstrate that organisms on Biorock reefs grow better, faster, are
more healthy, etc. than others."
It's unclear when the project will get built. Goreau said the construction
is probably several months off. Ken Banks, natural resource specialist with
Broward County's Environmental Protection and Growth Management Department,
said they need a permit from the county. He said he couldn't discuss whether
they were likely to get one because they had not yet filed an application.
Lauderdale-by-the-Sea is known as one of the best spots for beach diving
because the reefs are accessible from shore. Steve d'Oliveira, spokesman for
Lauderdale-by-the-Sea, said the town supports the project.